Scientists from Saudi Arabia at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology( KAUST) have developed an innovative and amazing technology that reduces the temperature of photovoltaic(PV) panels. They have developed this innovation partnership with the State University of New York at Buffalo.
This innovation not only increases the solar power output but also extends the life of solar modules. It also lowers the electricity cost. The research focus is on mixing two materials to make a special cooling gel, which is polyacrylic acid sodium salt (PAAS) and lithium chloride (LiCl) in a 2:1 ratio. This material is added as a thin layer on the back of solar panels.
It works by soaking up moisture from the air at night using LiCl, and then slowly releasing it during the day to cool the panels through evaporation. PAAS helps hold more water, while LiCl pulls in moisture from the air. This cooling method does not need electricity or any replacements.
To analyze the effectiveness of this system, the researchers did both laboratory and real-world testing. In lab settings under continuous solar radiation of 1 kW/m², the cooling layer achieved an initial cooling power of 373 W/m² in the first three hours and maintained 187 W/m² after 12 hours. During outdoor sunlight conditions, the system provided an average cooling power of 160 W/m², peaking at 247 W/m² between 10 a.m. and 11 a.m.
Outdoor tests were done in two locations: Thuwal, Saudi Arabia, and Buffalo, New York. Long-term testing in the U.S. showed that this cooling method can help extend the life of solar panels is over 200%.
The cost of electricity production was reduced by 18%. It shows that the technology is affordable and valuable for businesses. The cost of producing the hydrogel composite is around $37 per square meter.
The results of the study were published in the journal Materials Science & Engineering R, under the title “Streamlined fabrication of an inexpensive hygroscopic composite for low maintenance evaporative cooling of solar panels.” The team believes the technology could be adapted not only in solar panels but also in other systems that require cooling.
This innovation is a game-changer. It offers a practical, low-cost method to increase the efficiency of solar power systems. The cooling gel has the potential to make solar energy more productive, durable, and cost-effective in future years.
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